To the west, the Normans have taken southern Italy, and in the east the Seljuk Turks have moved into Asia Minor after their decisive and terrible victory at Manzikert.

• 在帝国的西部，诺曼人占领了南意大利。在东部，塞尔柱土耳其人在曼兹科特取得了决定性的辉煌胜利之后，进军小亚细亚。