Under the deep influence of empiricism and rationalism, the knowledge in educational activities has been understood as apparent knowledge taken from curricula only, and thus tacit knowledge has been unconscious.

• 摘要长期以来，人们受经验主义和理性主义纯粹客观的科学知识观支配，把教育活动中的知识狭隘的理解为显性的课程知识，没有意识到和自觉应用缄默知识。