Pressure-volume loops were measured with a conductance catheter during basal conditions, handgrip exercise, and atrial pacing with 120 bpm to analyze diastolic and systolic left ventricular function.

• 应用电导导管分别测定在基础状态下、握力试验及心房起搏120次/分时压力容积环，分析舒张期和收缩期左室功能。