Specially,all-full (p6, d10 , f14 ) or half-full(p3 , d5 , f 7 ) or empty (p0 , d0 , f 0 ) orbital is lower energy and more stable relatively.

• 洪特规则的特例：简并轨道全充满、半充满或全空时是比较稳定的结构。