The total explained variance from the 18 items was 44%.Cronbach s for overall and each subscale were over .8.

• （二）以探索性因素分析，依据项目分析，去除不良题项，得三因素18个题项之量表结构最佳，总解释变异量最高，达44%25，总量表及分量表之内在一致性皆大于.；8。