caused by

• 起因于； 由 ... 所引起

caused by的用法和样例：

例句

1. Soot is caused by incomplete burning and makes smoke dark.
   油烟是起因于不完全燃烧而使烟变黑。
2. We thought her chronic diarrhea might have been caused by long-term disused atrophy and malabsorption by her intestine.
   我们认为慢性腹泻可能起因于较长时间的肠胃道未使用及收不良有关。