direct participation

• 直接参与

direct participation的用法和样例：

例句

1. He shrank from any direct participation in politics.
   他不愿直接参与。
2. Although they recused themselves from direct participation, they are understood to support the bulk of the findings.
   虽然他们否认自己的直接参与，但他们都支持这项报告的大部分内容。